Cardinal: Cardano Ordinals and Bitcoin Interoperability

Fairgate
·
May 27, 2025

THE CHALLENGE

Enabling secure asset transfers between Bitcoin and Cardano, overcoming Bitcoin’s inherent limitations in cross-chain transactions, thus encouraging greater adoption of Cardano for real-world financial use cases. The ultimate goal is to allow users to manage their Bitcoin wallet and seamlessly share assets with Cardano, enhancing interoperability between both blockchains efficiently and securely.

“The future of DeFi is cross-chain, and BitVMX exemplifies how Bitcoin can be a foundational layer in this evolution, by combining Cardano’s flexibility with Bitcoin’s security, we open the door to entirely new financial instruments and services.”

Charles Hoskinson, CEO of IO

THE TECHNOLOGY

BitVMX utilizes a novel transfer-of-ownership protocol to assign assets in Bitcoin to their legitimate owner. Unlike other systems that handle ordinals and rely on centralized committees, BitVMX enables a decentralized and secure connection, introducing a committee-based validation system that ensures security with a "1-out-of-n honest" model, meaning that as long as at least one honest participant exists, the transfer remains secure.

"We’re excited to introduce Cardinal, a protocol that enables Cardano’s infrastructure to play a pivotal role in augmenting Bitcoin. Cardinal defines a secure, trustless mechanism for Bitcoin holders to access DeFi — by wrapping their UTXOs (as demonstrated with Ordinals) and unlocking a number of possible use cases like staking, lending, borrowing, and more. This marks the beginning of a new era for Bitcoin DeFi, powered by Cardano’s extended UTXO model and smart contracts combined with BitVMX technology for extending Bitcoin programmability."

Romain Pellerin, CTO at IO

THE SOLUTION

BitVMX enhances interoperability allowing the movement of Bitcoin blockchain’s non fungible assets, such as runes and ordinals to Cardano and vice versa, in a trust-minimized manner, without requiring predefined recipient addresses and maintaining ownership of the asset across both chains. By enabling flexible ownership transfers, the protocol expands Bitcoin’s utility and scalability beyond simple transactions.

High level protocol workflow

THE OUTCOME

By enabling a secure, decentralized, and efficient Bitcoin-Cardano connection mechanism, the protocol significantly enhances Cardano’s role in the multi-chain future of blockchain technology making it a more dynamic player in the broader DeFi ecosystem. Cardano users benefit from both Bitcoin’s store-of-value properties and Cardano’s smart contract functionality in a single environment.

lace.io

Put your Bitcoin to work with DeFi

We’re developing a trust-minimized protocol to use with DeFi apps. Soon you’ll be able to lend, swap and trade your BTC, Ordinals and UTxOs, and more – all while maintaining control. Sign up now to be first to know more.